Sample Annotated Bibliography
Acute Renal Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
Chawla, L. S., & Kimmel, P. L. (2012). Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: An integrated clinical syndrome. Kidney International, 82(5), 516-524.
According to these researchers, survivors of acute kidney injury might not be able to recover fully and thus have renal function impaired. This is because acute kidney failure can lead to end-stage renal disease as well as increase the risk of chronic kidney disease or worsen existing chronic kidney disease. By differentiating between uremia and azotemia, the researchers explain how the kidney functions and how a malfunctioning one is. The researchers also explain the severity, frequency, and duration of acute kidney disease.
Chawla, L. S., Eggers, P. W., Star, R. A., & Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease as interconnected syndromes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 371(1), 58-66.
Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are interconnected syndromes. The stages of these diseases are determined by the amount of serum creatinine concentration. The researchers also note that while acute kidney injury is risk factor for chronic kidney disease development, chronic kidney disease is also a risk factor for acute kidney injury. It is also notable that both are risk factors for development of cardiovascular disease. The researchers have further described the diagnosis criteria used for detecting the two disorders including the symptoms to look for.
Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function
Gavaghan, M. (2002). The pancreas: Hermit of the abdomen. AORN Journal, 75(6), 1110-1135.
Gavaghan (2002) explains the development of the pancreas and eventually how liver disease develops, the risk factors, symptoms, and associated disorders. The mechanism linking alcoholic liver disease and hematological disorders is also described. The link between liver disease and variceal hemorrhage is also defined.
Lankisch, P. G. (2009). Secretion and absorption (methods and functions). Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 23, 325-335.
Lankisch (2009) explains that iron absorption test in diagnosing liver disease. It is done to explain how iron levels are affected for people suffering from liver disease since red blood cells are not properly produced or their lifetimes are shortened. The researcher therefore explains all symptoms linked to liver disease including problems with excretions of some wastes.
References
Chawla, L. S., & Kimmel, P. L. (2012). Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: An integrated clinical syndrome. Kidney International, 82(5), 516-524.
Chawla, L. S., Eggers, P. W., Star, R. A., & Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease as interconnected syndromes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 371(1), 58-66.
Gavaghan, M. (2002). The pancreas: Hermit of the abdomen. AORN Journal, 75(6), 1110-1135.
Lankisch, P. G. (2009). Secretion and absorption (methods and functions). Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 23, 325-335.